WORDPRESS QUICK GUIDE GS WEB TECH CHANDIGARH
WORDPRESS QUICK GUIDE GS WEB TECH
WordPress - Reading Setting
In this chapter, we will study about Reading Settings in WordPress. Reading Setting is used to set the content related to the front page. You can set the number of post to be displayed on the main page.Following are the steps to access the reading settings −
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Reading option in WordPress.


- Front page displays − This section is used to display the front page in any of the following format −
- Your latest posts − It displays latest posts on the front page.
- A static page − It displays the static pages on the front page.
- Front Page − You can select the actual page you want to display on front page from the drop down.
- Posts Page − You can select the page from the drop down which contains posts.
- Blog pages show at most − The number of posts to be displayed per page or site. By default, it is set as 10.
- Syndication feeds show the most recent − The user can view the number of posts when they download one of the site feeds. By default, it is set as 10.
- For each article in a feed, show − This section is used to display the post by selecting any of the following formats −
- Full Text − It displays the complete post. It is set as default.
- Summary − It displays the summary of the post.
- Search Engine Visibility − After clicking on the checkbox, Discourage search engines from indexing this site, your site will be ignored by the search engine.
WordPress - Discussion Setting
In this chapter, we will study about Discussion settings in WordPress. WordPress discussion setting can be defined as the interaction between the blogger and the visitors. These settings are done by the admin to have a control over the posts/pages that come in through users.Following are the steps to access the Discussion setting −
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Discussion option in WordPress.


- Default article settings − These settings are default to the new pages you create or new posts. This contains three more settings. They are −
- Attempt to notify any blogs linked to from the article − When you publish articles then it sends a notification (sends pings and trackback) to other blogs.
- Allow link notifications from other blogs (pingbacks and trackbacks) − Accepts pings from other blogs.
- Allow people to post comments on new articles − You can allow or disallow other people to comment on your article using this setting.
- Other Comment Settings − This setting has the following options −
- Comment author must fill out name and e-mail − When you check this box, it is mandatory for visitors to fill their name and email address.
- Users must be registered and logged in to comment − If you check this box, only those registered visitors can leave comments, if not checked anyone can leave any number of comments.
- Automatically close comments on articles older than days − This option allows you to accept comments only for a particular time period as per your wish.
- Enable threaded (nested) comments − When you check this option, visitors can reply or have a discussion and get responses.
- Break comments into pages with top level comments per page and the page displayed by default − If your pages are getting a lot of comments then you can split them into different pages by checking this box.
- Comments should be displayed with the comments at the top of each page − You can arrange the comments in the form of ascending or descending order.
- Email me whenever − This setting contains two options, namely −
- Anyone posts a comment − When you check into this box, the author gets an e-mail for every single comment that is posted.
- A comment is held for moderation − This is used in case you do not want your comment to be updated before it's moderated by the admin.
- Before a comment appears − This setting allows how your posts are controlled. There are two more settings as followed −
- Comment must be manually approved − If you check this box then only the approved comments by the admin can be displayed on the posts or pages.
- Comment author must have a previously approved comment − This can be checked when you want to approve a comment of an author whose has commented and his e-mail address matches the e-mail address of the previous posted comment. Otherwise the comment is held for moderation.
- Comment Moderation − Contain only a specific number of links that are allowed into a comment.
- Comment Blacklist − You can input your own spam words which you do not want your visitors to enter into the comments, URL, e-mail etc.; later it would filter the comments.
- Avatars − Avatar is a small image that displays at the
top-right-hand corner of the dashboard screen beside your name. It is
like your profile picture. Here you have a few more options where you
can set your avatar for WordPress site.
- Avatar Display − It displays your avatar besides your name when it is checked.
- Maximum rating − You have a four other options of avatars you can use. They are G, PG, R and X. This is the age section where you select according to which type of audience you want to display your posts.
- Default Avatar − In this option, there are few more types of avatars with images; you can keep these avatars according to your visitors e-mail address.
WordPress - Media Setting
In this chapter, we will study about Media Settings in WordPress. It is used to set the height and width of the images which you're going to use on your website.Step (1) − Click on Settings → Media option in WordPress.


- Thumbnail size − Set the size of the thumbnail.
- Medium size − Set the height and width of medium size images.
- Large size − Set width and height of larger images.
- Uploading files − After checking this checkbox, the uploaded image will be arranged into year and month based folder.
WordPress - Permalink Setting
In this chapter, we will learn about Permalink settings in WordPress. Permalink is a permanent link to a particular blog post or category. It allows setting the default permalink structure. These settings are used to add permalinks to your posts in WordPress. Following are the steps to access permalink settings.Step (1) − Click on Settings → Permalinks option from the left navigation menu.


- Common settings −
Check any of the radio buttons to choose your permalink structure for your blogs
- Default − It sets the default URL structure in Wordpress.
- Day and name − It sets URL structure according to the date and name in your posts.
- Month and name − It sets the URL structure according to the month and name in your post.
- Numeric − It sets numbers in the URL structure in your post.
- Post name − It sets post name in the URL structure in your post.
- Custom Structure − It sets the URL structure of your choice by writing the desired name in the given text box.
- Optional
These are optional. You can add custom structure for main category or
tag URL. If your text box is empty then default settings is used. Here
you have two options.
- Category Base − Add custom prefix for your category URL.
- Tag Base − Add custom prefix to your Tags URL.
WordPress - Plugin Setting
In this chapter, we will study how to use plugins in your WordPress site. Plugin allows to easily modify, customize or enhance WordPress blog or post. The WordPress Plugin is a software that can be uploaded to expand the functionality of the site. They add services or features to WordPress blog. Plugins are used to make your work easier. Following are the simple steps to add plugins.Step (1) − On the left side bar, Click on Plugins → Installed Plugins as shown in the screen.


Step (3) − Click on → Plugins → Add New menu as shown in the following screen.






When you click on Active the following page appears. Here you can view all the activated plugins.








- Select plugin to edit − Allows you to select a plugin from the dropdown and edit it.
- Documentation − Allows you to select the tools from the dropdown to edit the plugin.
- Plugin files − Allows you to select files from the list and edit accordingly.
WordPress - Add Category
In this chapter, we will study about how to Add Categories in WordPress. Category is used to indicate sections of your site and group related posts. It sorts the group content into different sections. It is a very convenient way to organize the posts.To access the Category section, follows the mentioned steps −
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Categories option in WordPress.


- Name − Enter the unique name of categories.
- Slug − A word chosen to describe your post. It is specified in the tags URL.
- Parent − By selecting the parent category from dropdown, you can set the particular category as sub-category or can keep it as None.
- Description − Add brief description of your category. It is optional.
Step (4) − After clicking on Add New Category, the new created category will get displayed on the right side of the page as shown in the following screen.

WordPress - Edit Category
In this chapter, we will study the simple steps to Edit Categories in WordPress.Following are the simple steps to edit categories in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Categories in WordPress.

Edit − Click on Edit option in Categories section as seen in the following screenshot.


Quick Edit − Click on Quick Edit option in Categories section as shown in the following screen.


WordPress - Delete Category
In this chapter, we will study about how to Delete Categories in WordPress.Following are the simple steps to delete categories in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Categories in WordPress.



WordPress - Arrange Categories
In this chapter, we will study about how to Arrange Categories in WordPress. You can't arrange categories directly in WordPress. Hence, you will need to install Category Order plugin to arrange the created categories in a particular way.Step (1) − Click on Posts → Category Order in WordPress. The Category Order menu displays after adding the Category Order plugin. You can study how to install plugins in the chapter Install Plugins.



WordPress - Add Posts
In this chapter, we will study how to Add Posts in WordPress. Posts are also known as articles and sometimes referred as blogs or blog posts. These are used to popularize your blogs.Following are the simple steps to Add Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Add New in WordPress.


- Post Title − Enter the title of the post, i.e., Post1.
- Post Content − Enter the content of your post.

- Save Draft − It saves the post as a draft.
- Preview − You can preview your post before publishing.
- Move to Trash − Deletes the post.
- Status − Change the status of your post to Published, Pending, or Reviewer Draft.
- Visibility − Change the visibility of the post to Public, Private or Password protected.
- Published − Change the publishded post date and time.
WordPress - Edit Posts
In this chapter, we will study how to Edit Posts on WordPress.Following are the simple steps to Edit Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → All Posts in WordPress.

Edit − Click on Edit option in Post1 as shown in the following screen.




WordPress - Delete Posts
In this chapter, we will study how to Delete Posts in WordPress.Following are the steps to Delete Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → All Post in WordPress.



WordPress - Preview Posts
In this chapter, we will study how to Preview Posts in WordPress. Preview Post is to view the post before it is published to the user. It is safer to preview your post and verify how your post looks on the website. You can edit or change the post as per your need after previewing.Following are the simple steps to Preview Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → All Posts in wordPress.




WordPress - Publish Posts
In this chapter, we will study how to Publish Posts in WordPress. Publish is used to make the post available to all the users wherein every user can view that particular post. Publishing a new post in WordPress is an easy process.Following are the steps to Publish Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Add New in WordPress.



WordPress - Media Library
In this chapter, we will learn about Media Library in WordPress. Media Library consists of the images, audios, videos and files that you can upload and add to the content when writing a Post or Page. Here you can view, add, edit or delete any media related objects if not needed.Following are the steps to understand about Media Library.
Step (1) − Click on Media → Library in WordPress.




List View − Displays the images and videos in list form.


Search Box − Helps to search a particular image by inserting the name into the box.
WordPress - Add Media
In this chapter, we will study how to Add Media files in WordPress. WordPress allows you to add, all kind of media files like videos, audios and images.Following are the steps to Add Media.
Step (1) − Click on Media → Add New in WordPress.




WordPress - Insert Media
In this chapter, we will study how to Insert Media in WordPress. Media files can be inserted to your Pages or Posts from libraries, from local storage or from URLs.Following are the steps to Insert Media in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Add New in WordPress.



You can also insert an image directly from your system by clicking on Upload Files tab. Click on Insert into Post button.

WordPress - Edit Media
In this chapter, we will study how to Edit Media in wordPress. You can manage all the information about your media that is saved in the Media Library.Following are the steps to Edit Media in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Media → Library and click on the name of the media item or the edit link.



- URL − You can read only a link from media file.
- Title − This displays the name of the media. Title is often shown in galleries and attachment pages, if themes or plugins are designed to display it.
- Permalink − Permalink is the URL of the media attachment page. This is also a link to view the attachment page.
- Edit image button − This allows you to edit the image position, such as rotate counter-clockwise, rotate clockwise, scale, crop, flip vertically, and flip horizontally.
- Caption − A brief explanation of the media.
- Alternate Text − The alt text for the image, which is used to describe media. Used for availability.
- Description − An explanation of your media file.
- Delete Permanently − Delete your media file permanently.

WordPress - Add Pages
In this chapter, we will study how to Add Pages into the WordPress. Adding pages is similar to adding posts in WordPress. Pages are static content and often do not change its displayed information.Following are the simple steps to add pages in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → Add New as shown in the following screenshot.


Title
It is used to write the title of the article, which is later displayed on the page.Permalink shows the potential URL for the page below the title. The URL generates as per the given title.

WYSIWYG Editor
It is a WYSIWYG Editor, which is similar to a word processor interface where you can edit the contents of the article.
- Bold Button − Used to bold your font.
- Italic − Used to italicize the font.
- Word Strike − Strikes through the content.
- Bullet List − Adds bullets to content.
- Number List − Adds numbers to the list of the content.
- Blockquote − Quotes the text.
- Horizontal Line − Creates a horizontal line between sentences.
- Left Align − Sets the content on the left side of the page.
- Right Align − Sets the content to the right side of the page.
- Justify − Justifies the content of the page.
- Add Link − Adds a link to your content. When you click on this button, the following page gets displayed.

- URL − Enter URL you want to link.
- Link text − Insert text you want to enter into the link.
- Open link in a new window/tab − Open your link page into the new tab or window. Check the box as required.
- Or link to existing account − Links to an existing content page by selecting the page from the given list. When you click on existing page then you get a link created in the URL section as seen in the following screenshot.

- Remove Link − Deletes the particular link added for text or content.
- Read more tag − Adds Read More tag to your page.
- Toolbar toggle − Clicking on this you get another list of toolbar as shown in the following image.

- Paragraph − Selects the headings as required for the text from the dropdown.
- Underline − Underlines the sentences.
- Justify − Justifies your content.
- Text Color − Sets color for words or sentences.
- Paste as Text − Pastes your text.
- Clear Formatting − Deletes selected content.
- Special character − Inserts special characters needed in your content.

- Increase Indent − Increases the indent of the page.
- Decrease Indent − Decreases the indent of the page.
- Undo − Reverses the most recent editing command.
- Redo − Opposite of undo, restores the most recent editing command.
Text Insertion
For writing the content of an article.Publish
To publish the page to the user on the website.Page Attribute
Page attributes module allows you to select the parents for your particular page. You can also set order of the pages.- Parent − Allows you to select parent page.
- Order − Sets the order of the page.

Featured Images
Includes the images in the pages.WordPress - Publish Pages
In this chapter, we will study how to Publish Pages in WordPress. The command, “Publish” is used to make the pages available to all users wherein each user can view that particular page. Publishing a new page in WordPress is an easy process.Following are the steps to Publish Pages in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → Add New in WordPress.



WordPress - Edit Pages
In this chapter, we will study how to Edit pages in WordPress.Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress as shown in the following screen.

Edit − Click on Edit option in About Us as shown in the following screenshot.




WordPress - Delete Pages
In this chapter, we will learn to Delete Pages in WordPress.Following are the steps to Delete pages in wordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress.




WordPress - Add Tags
Tag is a small information attached to the main content or post for the purpose of identification. It tells the visitors what actually the post is about. If the tag is mentioned properly then it helps to find the content very easily.Following are the steps to Add Tags in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Tags in WordPress.


- Name − Enter the name of tags.
- Slug − A word chosen to describe your post. It is specified in the tags URL.
- Description − Add brief description of your tag. It gets displayed when you hover on the tag.
Step (3) − The new created tags will get displayed on the right side of the page as shown in the following screenshot.

WordPress - Edit Tags
In this chapter, we will study to Edit Tags in WordPress. You can learn how to add tags in the chapter WordPress - Add Tags.Following are the simple steps to Edit Tags in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Tags in WordPress.

Edit − Click on Edit option in Tags section as shown in the following screen.


Quick Edit − Click on Quick Edit option in Tags section as shown in the following screenshot.


WordPress - Delete Tags
In this chapter, we will learn to Delete tags in WordPress.Following are the steps to delete tags in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Tags in WordPress.



WordPress - Add Links
In this chapter, we will learn to Add Links in WordPress pages. Link is a connection from one resource to another. Adding links to your pages or blog posts help you to connect to other pages.Following are the simple steps to Add links in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress.




- URL − Enter URL you want to link.
- Link text − Insert text you want to enter into the link.
- Open link in a new window/tab − Open your link page into the new tab or window. Check the box as required.
- Or link to existing account − Add links to an existing content page by selecting the page from the given list. Click on Or link to existing account and the list of pages and posts gets displayed as shown in the following screen.

Step (5) − When you hover on the word Lorem then the link tooltip gets displayed as shown in the following screen.

WordPress - Edit Links
In this chapter, we will study how to edit link in WordPress.Following are the simple steps to Edit Links in WordPress
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages as shown in the following screen.




Step (5) − When you hover on the word Lorem then the link tooltip get displayed as seen in the following screen.

WordPress - Delete Links
In this chapter, we will learn to Delete links from WordPress. You can remove the unwanted links which you don’t need for your website or article.Following are the steps to Delete Links in WordPress
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress.




WordPress - Add Comments
In this chapter, we will learn to Add Comments in WordPress. Adding comments allows your visitors to have a discussion with you. Comments are approved by the admin and then posted to be discussed further.Following are the steps to add comments to your blog posts.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress.





- Allow Comments − Allows visitors to comment on your blog posts and pages.
- Allow trackbacks and pingbacks on this page − Allows visitors to give pings and trackbacks.
Step (6) − Click on Update button after adding the comment box.
WordPress - Edit Comments
In this chapter, we will learn about how to Edit comments in WordPress. Editing comments can be done only by the admin.Following are the steps to Edit Comments in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Comments in WordPress.



WordPress - Moderate Comments
In this chapter, we will learn to Moderate Comments in WordPress. Comment moderation is a process where, when visitors comment on posts, the comment is not published directly until and unless it is approved by the admin to be posted. It manages your comments so that there is no comment spamming.Step (1) − Click on Settings → Discussion in WordPress.


Step (3) − Click on Save Changes.
WordPress - View Plugins
In this chapter, we will study how to View Plugins in WordPress. It helps you to enable and disable WordPress Plugins. This adds the unique features to an existing web site. Plugins extend and enlarge the functionality of WordPress.Following are the simple steps to View Plugins in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Plugins → Installed Plugins in WordPress administrator.


Toolbar
Following functions appear as Plugin toolbar options on the page −- Active − Shows the active plugins on the website.
- Inactive − Shows the installed but inactive plugins on the website.
- Update Available − Shows, if a new version is available or asks to update now.
WordPress - Install Plugins
In this chapter, we will study how to install plugins in WordPress. It is really easy to install plugins. All the plugins are free to download; the only condition is that a plugin must be in the WordPress directory.Following are the simple steps to Install Plugins in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Plugins → Add New in WordPress.


Step (3) − The plugins automatically start downloading and installing.

Step (4) − Once activated, you will see the installed plugin in the list of plugins as seen in the following screen.

WordPress - Customize Plugins
In this chapter, we will study how to Customize Plugins in WordPress without writing any HTML or CSS. It's usually a large addition for multi-user sites. This new method allows you to customize your login page by using the WordPress theme customizer (no coding skills required).Following are the simple steps to Customize Plugins in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Plugins → Add New.





Step (6) − The customized login page will appear as shown in the following screen.

- Logo − Upload logo of your choice to replace the default WordPress logo.
- Background − Add background image or you can choose a background color of your choice.
- Form Background − Select form background image or color for login form container of your choice.
WordPress - User Roles
In this chapter, we will learn about the roles of users in WordPress. Every user has their own role in WordPress. Roles are like permissions given to a particular user to access the WordPress site. These roles can be allotted only by the Admin.Here are few pre-defined roles available in WordPress −
- Administrator − The Administrator has all the rights. An Admin can do anything and everything on the WordPress site such as creating more admins, inviting more users and also removing them.
- Editor − The Editor has access to all the posts, pages, comments, categories, tags, and links. They can create, publish, edit or delete any posts or pages.
- Author − The Author can only write posts, upload pictures, edit, and publish their own posts.
- Contributor − The Contributor can only write and edit their posts until published. They can create their own posts and pages but cannot publish them. They cannot upload images or files but can see your site's status. When they want to publish any post, it must be first notified personally to the administrator for review. When the post is approved, the contributor cannot make any changes once published.
- Follower − The Follower can only read and comment on the posts. Followers are the ones who have signed in to your account to receive updates.
- Viewer − Viewers can only view your posts; they cannot edit but can only comment on the posts.
WordPress - Add Users
In this chapter, we will study how to Add users to your WordPress blog or website. When users register on your WordPress blog or website, you get an e-mail notification, so you always know when new users register, and you can then get into your Dashboard and edit the users’ role.Following are the simple steps to Add Users in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Users → Add New in WordPress.


- Username (required) − Enter the unique username, which you want to display on website.
- E-mail (required) − Enter the valid e-mail address. The user receives notifications from the site at this e-mail address.
- First Name − Enter the user’s first name.
- Last Name − Enter the user’s last name.
- Website − Enter the URL for the user’s website.
- Password (required) − Enter the password.
- Repeat Password (required) − Repeat the same password as the previous password for authentication.
- Send Password − Send password to the New User by e-mail checkbox. The user will receive an e-mail with the new password.
- Role − Select the particular role from the dropdown, i.e., Subscriber, Contributor, Author, Editor, or Administrator.
Step (3) − You can view the user list to see whether the users have been added. A message will be displayed as New User Created as seen in the following screen.

WordPress - User Photo
In this chapter, we will study about User Photo in WordPress. To add user photo in WordPress, you must install plugin User Photo from WordPress plugins. It helps you add a photo of your own to your WordPress profile.Following are the simple steps to add a User photo.
Step (1) − Click on Settings → User Photo.


Step (3) − To view the plugin User Photo is activated, go to Users → Your Profile. In your Profile page you can see Your Photo section is added. Here you can upload your photo to display as profile image.

WordPress - Edit Users
In this chapter, we will study how to Edit Users in WordPress.Following are the simple steps to Edit Users in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Users → All Users.


- Administrator − List of administrators will be displayed.
- Subscriber − List of subscribers will be displayed.
- Subscriber − A person who can only manage his profile.
- Contributor − A person who can write and supervise own posts, but cannot publish them.
- Author − A person who can publish and manage his own posts.
- Editor − A person who can publish and manage posts, including the posts of other users.
- Administrator − A person who has access to all the administration features within a single website.
Step (3) − Click on Edit option as shown in the following screen to edit the user.


WordPress - Delete Users
In this chapter, we will learn how to delete users in WordPress.Following are the steps to Delete Users.
Step (1) − Click on Users → All Users.




Step (6) − We have another method of deleting users. A screen as shown in the following shot appears.
Here you can select the users to delete, check the boxes and click on Delete from the dropdown list and click on Apply.
Step (7) − Once you click on Apply, the users selected will be deleted.

WordPress - Personal Profile
In this chapter, we will learn how to create a Personal profile in WordPress.Following are the steps to Personal Profile.
Step(1) − Click on Users → Your Profile from the left navigation bar.


- Visual editor − While you are adding posts/pages to your site you can enable this setting if you wish to create, format, or edit your post. If you disable this setting, you won’t be able to use this option.
- Admin color scheme − You can change the color of your WordPress site by selecting any of the following.
- Keyboard Shortcuts − If you are too fast at getting your work done and need keyboard shortcuts then you can check this box.
- Toolbar − If you check this box, you can view the toolbar while using WordPress.
- Username − Enter your user name.
- First Name/ Last Name − Enter your first name and last name.
- Nick name − Enter nick names if any.
- Display name publicly as − Check the box if you want your name to be displayed publicly.
- E-mail − Enter a valid e-mail address.
- Website − Type in your web address.
- Biographical Info − Some details about you.
- New password − Enter a password of your choice.
- Repeat password − Re-enter the password for authentication. Password must contain 7 characters.
- Your photo − You can upload an image of your own from your computer. This will be your profile picture.
WordPress - Theme Management
In this chapter, we will learn about Theme management. It includes image files, templates, CSS stylesheets, etc. that can help to make your website look great. This chapter discusses how to install, add new, or customize themes in WordPress.Following are the steps for Theme Management.
Step (1) − Select Appearance → Themes from the dashboard.




If you click on activate then you get a pop-up message as −



WordPress - Customize Theme
In this chapter, we will learn how to customize themes. Customizing themes help you to give a new look to your website. Here you can change background images/colors, add titles, and do much more.Following are the steps of Customize theme.
Step (1) − Click on Appearance → Customize.


Active theme − In this section, you can change the current theme just by clicking on ‘Change’.



Colors − You can change your header text color using this section. As you scroll through the colors you find changes happening on the right side of your page. You can even add a color of your own into the box that is situated in between ‘Current color’ and ‘Default’.




First is the ‘Main Widget Area’, when you click on this you get another list of widgets that are to be displayed in the footer area.


Secondary Widget − Here you must click on ‘Add a widget’ and you get a side bar with a list of different widgets. Click on any and it adds up to your widget list.



WordPress - Widget Management
In this chapter, we will study about Widget Management. Widgets are small blocks that perform specific functions. These give design and structure control to the WordPress theme. Some specific features of a widget are −- They help you add content and features.
- They can be easily dragged and dropped in widget area.
- They vary from theme to theme. They are not same for every theme.


- Available Widgets − You can use these to add into your sidebar main.
- Inactive Sidebar (not used) − These are not used and can be removed permanently from the widget list.
- Inactive Widgets − Removes the widgets from sidebar but keep it in the settings.
- Sidebar Main − Any widget you add here will appear on your site.
- Manage in Customizer − Takes you back to customization page.



WordPress - Background
In this chapter, we will study about background images, background colors and background opacity.Step (1) − Click on Appearance → Background.



- Upload Files
- Media Library


- Edit Image − When you click on this you are taken to another page where you can edit the scale image, dimensions, crop image, and thumbnail settings, etc. As shown in the following image, make the required changes, click on Save and then click on Update.

- Delete Permanently − If you want your image off the library then click on this button.
- URL − Enter your image URL into this box.
- Title − If you want to make any changes in the title of the image you can do it right here.
- Caption − You can explain briefly about your image in this section.
- Alt text − Give an alternative text to your image so that it is easily available for the users during search.
- Description − A little description about your image.

WordPress - Host Transfer
In this chapter, we will study how to transfer WordPress to a new hosting platform.Here, we have used Hostinger web hosting to transfer the WordPress site to another host.
Just follow the simple steps given below to transfer your WordPress site to another host.
Step (1) − Keep the backup of WordPress files and export the database. We will study about this in detail in the chapter WordPress - Backup & Restore
Step (2) − Login to your cPanel and click on MySQL Databases as shown in the following screen.


- MySQL Database Name − Enter your database name.
- MySQL Username − Enter your username.
- Password − Set password for your database.
- Password again − Once again set the same password as previous for authentication.
Step (4) − You can view your created MySQL database, User and Host as shown in the following screen.






Step (11) − Edit wp-config.php file as mentioned in the Restoring WordPress Files section in chapter Wordpress - Backup & Restore.
Step (12) − Inside the Website section of hostinger, Click on Auto Installer.



WordPress - Version Update
In this chapter, we will study how to update version in WordPress. Here, we will upgrade WordPress to the latest version through the admin panel.Following are a few simple steps to update the version in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Please Update Now as shown in the following screen.

Step (2) − After clicking on the update link, the following page gets displayed. Click on Update Now button.


Fatal error: Maximum execution time of 30 seconds exceeded in C:\your wordpress folder\wp-includes\class-http.php on line 1597then you need to take the following actions −
- Open your WordPress folder → wp-includes folder
- Open class-http.php file and add the following line at the beginning: set_time_limit (0);
- Save the file.
WordPress - Spam Protection
In this chapter, we will learn how to protect your WordPress blog or website from spam. Make sure that your WordPress script is updated to the latest stable version. WordPress comes with a preinstalled antispam solution - Akismet.You can activate Akismet, for which you should have a WordPress API key. You have to register at the official WordPress website. The key will be sent to your mail box.
Following are the steps to follow to enable Akismet Spam Protection plugin for your website or blog.
Step (1) − Go to your WordPress admin area → Plugins → Installed. The following screen will be displayed.









WordPress - Backup & Restore
In this chapter, we will study how to Backup & Restore files and database in WordPress. In WordPress there are two parts of backing up such as −- WordPress Files Backup
- WordPress Database Backup
- WordPress Files Restore
- WordPress Database Restore
WordPress Files Backup
To get the backup files of WordPress, you need to install FileZilla Client on your system.Following are the simple steps used for files backup operation in WordPress −
Step (1) − Open the FileZilla Client as shown in the following screenshot.


Step (3) − You will get all files and folders of your WordPress site on the right side as seen in the following screen.


WordPress Database Backup
Following are the simple steps for database backup in WordPress −Step (1) − Type the path http://localhost/phpmyadmin in your browser. You will get the following screen.




Restoring WordPress Files
Following are the simple steps used to restore the files in WordPress using ftp −Step (1) − Open the FileZilla Client and login to your site using ftp as shown in the following screen.


Open the wp-config.php file and locate the following code.
define('DB_NAME', 'db_name');
Replace the db_name with your database name which you have created.define('DB_USER', 'db_user');
Replace the db_user with your username of MySql.define('DB_PASSWORD', 'db_password');
Replace the db_password with your password of MySql.Save your wp-config file after editing and upload it to your WordPress site through ftp.
Restoring WordPress Database
Following are the steps used to restore the database in WordPress −Step (1) − Type the path http://localhost/phpmyadmin in the browser. The following screen will pop up.

Here we'll create a new database name, i.e., new_wordpress and click on Create button.
Step (2) − You can view your created database as shown in the following screen. Click on the database name new_wordpress.



Step (5) − Once you click on Go, you will get a message after the sql file is uploaded successfully.

WordPress - Optimization
In this chapter, we will study how to Optimize WordPress site.Here are a few simple tips to optimize your WordPress site.
- Ensure high quality and meaningful content.
- Have the right names for images.
- Use short permalinks that contain keywords.
- Have optimized themes.
- Sitemap should be in XML format.
- Connect posts to social networks.
- Beware of black hat techniques.
- Delete your trash box.
- Keep Checking Your Site Statistics
- Keep checking your plugins.
- Use CSS and JavaScript effectively.
Ensure High Quality and Meaningful Content
Any page you create, the most important thing that matters is the content. You must have good content with keywords that can be helpful for users, not for the search engines. Content should be understandable and not complicated or difficult to read.Have the right names for images
The names you choose for your images must be unique; consider choosing images keeping the user in mind. Use keywords that might be helpful for the users. Have some specific names for your images and don’t forget to add your alt tags and title tags to your images.For example − If your image is about Chocolate sundae Ice-cream then do not mention the name as DSC12346, instead put it as ‘Chocolate-sundae-High-street-restaurant-new-york.jpg’. This would be much easier to search.
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